Meos3.2 photoconvert
In 2003, she received her PhD in Chemistry at the University of Ulm, Germany. She studied chemistry at the University of Münster, Germany. Finally, we briefly introduce various advanced imaging methods facilitated by specific EosFP variants, and show some exciting sample applications.ĭr Karin Nienhaus is a Research Associate at the Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.
We then summarize recent research aimed at elucidating the photochemical processes underlying photoactivation. First, we describe their basic structural and optical properties. In general, two different modes of photoactivation are found, reversible photoswitching between a fluorescent and a nonfluorescent state and irreversible green-to red photoconversion. In this review, we discuss FP variants of the EosFP clade that have been optimized by amino acid sequence modification to serve as markers for various imaging techniques. A subclass of them, photoactivatable FPs, allow for control of their fluorescence emission by light irradiation, enabling pulse-chase imaging and super-resolution microscopy.
Among these, fluorescent proteins (FPs) of the GFP family are advantageous because they are genetically encodable, so that live cells, tissues or organisms can produce these markers all by themselves. Progress in the field, however, crucially hinges on advances in fluorescent marker technology. Optical fluorescence microscopy has taken center stage in the exploration of biological structure and dynamics, especially on live specimens, and super-resolution imaging methods continue to deliver exciting new insights into the molecular foundations of life.